There are some kinds of work that you can’t do well without thinking differently from your peers. To be a successful scientist, for example, it’s not enough just to be correct. Your ideas have to be both correct and novel. You can’t publish papers saying things other people already know. You need to say things no one else has realized yet.
有些工作，如果没有与同行不同的思维方式，是无法做好的。例如，要成为一名成功的科学家，仅仅正确是不够的。你的想法必须既正确又新颖。你不能发表论文，说别人已经知道的事情。你需要说出别人尚未意识到的东西。
The same is true for investors. It’s not enough for a public market investor to predict correctly how a company will do. If a lot of other people make the same prediction, the stock price will already reflect it, and there’s no room to make money. The only valuable insights are the ones most other investors don’t share.
投资者也是如此。对于公开市场的投资者来说，仅仅正确预测一家公司的业绩是不够的。如果很多人都做出了同样的预测，股价就会反映出来，也就没有赚钱的空间了。唯一有价值的见解是大多数其他投资者不分享的见解。
You see this pattern with startup founders too. You don’t want to start a startup to do something that everyone agrees is a good idea, or there will already be other companies doing it. You have to do something that sounds to most other people like a bad idea, but that you know isn’t — like writing software for a tiny computer used by a few thousand hobbyists, or starting a site to let people rent airbeds on strangers’ floors.
初创企业的创始人也有这种模式。你不想创办一家初创公司去做大家都认为是好主意的事情，否则已经有其他公司在做了。你必须做一些在大多数人看来是坏主意，但你知道不是的事情，比如为几千名业余爱好者使用的小型计算机编写软件，或者创办一个网站，让人们在陌生人的地板上租用气垫床。
Ditto for essayists. An essay that told people things they already knew would be boring. You have to tell them something new.
散文家也是如此。一篇文章如果只告诉人们他们已经知道的事情，那就太无聊了。你必须告诉他们一些新东西。
But this pattern isn’t universal. In fact, it doesn’t hold for most kinds of work. In most kinds of work — to be an administrator, for example — all you need is the first half. All you need is to be right. It’s not essential that everyone else be wrong.
但这种模式并不普遍。事实上，它并不适用于大多数工作。在大多数工作中–比如做一名行政人员–你所需要的只是前半部分。你需要的只是正确。其他人错了并不重要。
There’s room for a little novelty in most kinds of work, but in practice there’s a fairly sharp distinction between the kinds of work where it’s essential to be independent-minded, and the kinds where it’s not.
大多数工作都可以有一点新意，但在实践中，哪些工作需要独立思考，哪些工作不需要独立思考，还是有相当明显的区别的。
I wish someone had told me about this distinction when I was a kid, because it’s one of the most important things to think about when you’re deciding what kind of work you want to do. Do you want to do the kind of work where you can only win by thinking differently from everyone else? I suspect most people’s unconscious mind will answer that question before their conscious mind has a chance to. I know mine does.
我真希望在我小时候就有人告诉过我这种区别，因为当你决定要做什么样的工作时，这是最重要的考虑因素之一。你是否想做那种只有通过与别人不同的思维方式才能获胜的工作？我猜想，大多数人的潜意识都会在他们的意识有机会回答这个问题之前先回答这个问题。我知道我就是这样。
Independent-mindedness seems to be more a matter of nature than nurture. Which means if you pick the wrong type of work, you’re going to be unhappy. If you’re naturally independent-minded, you’re going to find it frustrating to be a middle manager. And if you’re naturally conventional-minded, you’re going to be sailing into a headwind if you try to do original research.
思想独立似乎更多的是一种天性，而不是后天培养。也就是说，如果你选错了工作类型，你就会不快乐。如果你天生思想独立，你会发现做一个中层管理者很令人沮丧。如果你天生墨守成规，那么如果你想做原创性研究，你就会遇到逆风。
One difficulty here, though, is that people are often mistaken about where they fall on the spectrum from conventional- to independent-minded. Conventional-minded people don’t like to think of themselves as conventional-minded. And in any case, it genuinely feels to them as if they make up their own minds about everything. It’s just a coincidence that their beliefs are identical to their peers’. And the independent-minded, meanwhile, are often unaware how different their ideas are from conventional ones, at least till they state them publicly.
不过，这里有一个难题，那就是人们常常会弄错自己在从具有传统思想到具有独立思想的光谱中的位置。墨守成规的人不喜欢认为自己是墨守成规的人。在任何情况下，他们都会真切地感觉到自己对任何事情都有自己的想法。他们的信念与同龄人的相同只是一种巧合。与此同时，思想独立的人往往不知道他们的想法与传统想法有多大不同，至少在他们公开表达之前是这样。
By the time they reach adulthood, most people know roughly how smart they are (in the narrow sense of ability to solve pre-set problems), because they’re constantly being tested and ranked according to it. But schools generally ignore independent-mindedness, except to the extent they try to suppress it. So we don’t get anything like the same kind of feedback about how independent-minded we are.
到了成年，大多数人都大致知道自己有多聪明（狭义上指解决预设问题的能力），因为他们不断接受测试，并根据测试结果进行排名。但学校一般都会忽略独立思考的能力，除非他们试图压制这种能力。因此，我们并没有得到关于我们是否具有独立思考能力的类似反馈。
There may even be a phenomenon like Dunning-Kruger at work, where the most conventional-minded people are confident that they’re independent-minded, while the genuinely independent-minded worry they might not be independent-minded enough.
甚至可能有一种类似于邓宁-克鲁格（Dunning-Kruger）的现象在起作用，即思想最传统的人自信自己思想独立，而真正思想独立的人则担心自己可能不够独立。
Can you make yourself more independent-minded? I think so. This quality may be largely inborn, but there seem to be ways to magnify it, or at least not to suppress it.
你能让自己的思想更加独立吗？我认为可以。这种品质可能在很大程度上是与生俱来的，但似乎有一些方法可以放大它，或者至少不压制它。
One of the most effective techniques is one practiced unintentionally by most nerds: simply to be less aware what conventional beliefs are. It’s hard to be a conformist if you don’t know what you’re supposed to conform to. Though again, it may be that such people already are independent-minded. A conventional-minded person would probably feel anxious not knowing what other people thought, and make more effort to find out.
最有效的技巧之一是大多数书呆子都无意中使用过的，那就是不那么清楚传统观念是什么。如果你不知道自己应该遵从什么，就很难成为一个循规蹈矩的人。不过，这也可能是因为这些人本来就有独立的思想。一个有传统观念的人可能会因为不知道别人的想法而感到焦虑，从而更加努力地去寻找答案。
It matters a lot who you surround yourself with. If you’re surrounded by conventional-minded people, it will constrain which ideas you can express, and that in turn will constrain which ideas you have. But if you surround yourself with independent-minded people, you’ll have the opposite experience: hearing other people say surprising things will encourage you to, and to think of more.
你周围的人对你很重要。如果你周围都是思想传统的人，就会限制你表达的想法，反过来也会限制你的想法。但如果你的周围都是思想独立的人，你就会有相反的体验：听到别人说出令人惊讶的事情，会鼓励你去想更多的事情。
Because the independent-minded find it uncomfortable to be surrounded by conventional-minded people, they tend to self-segregate once they have a chance to. The problem with high school is that they haven’t yet had a chance to. Plus high school tends to be an inward-looking little world whose inhabitants lack confidence, both of which magnify the forces of conformism. So high school is often a bad time for the independent-minded. But there is some advantage even here: it teaches you what to avoid. If you later find yourself in a situation that makes you think “this is like high school,” you know you should get out.
因为思想独立的人觉得被思想传统的人包围着很不舒服，所以一旦有机会，他们就会倾向于自我隔离。高中的问题是，他们还没有机会这样做。再加上高中往往是一个内向的小世界，其居民缺乏自信，这两者都放大了墨守成规的力量。因此，对于思想独立的人来说，高中往往是一个糟糕的时期。但即便如此，也有一些好处：它教会了你应该避免什么。如果你后来发现自己所处的环境让你觉得 “这就像高中一样”，你就知道自己应该离开了。
Another place where the independent- and conventional-minded are thrown together is in successful startups. The founders and early employees are almost always independent-minded; otherwise the startup wouldn’t be successful. But conventional-minded people greatly outnumber independent-minded ones, so as the company grows, the original spirit of independent-mindedness is inevitably diluted. This causes all kinds of problems besides the obvious one that the company starts to suck. One of the strangest is that the founders find themselves able to speak more freely with founders of other companies than with their own employees.
在成功的初创企业中，独立思考和墨守成规的人也会相遇。创始人和早期员工几乎都具有独立思想，否则初创企业就不会成功。但具有传统思想的人远远多于具有独立思想的人，因此随着公司的发展，原有的独立精神不可避免地被冲淡。除了公司开始变得糟糕这一显而易见的问题外，这还会引发各种问题。其中最奇怪的是，创始人发现自己与其他公司的创始人交谈时比与自己的员工交谈时更能畅所欲言。
Fortunately you don’t have to spend all your time with independent-minded people. It’s enough to have one or two you can talk to regularly. And once you find them, they’re usually as eager to talk as you are; they need you too. Although universities no longer have the kind of monopoly they used to have on education, good universities are still an excellent way to meet independent-minded people. Most students will still be conventional-minded, but you’ll at least find clumps of independent-minded ones, rather than the near zero you may have found in high school.
幸运的是，你不必把所有时间都花在与思想独立的人相处上。有一两个你可以经常交谈的人就足够了。一旦你找到了他们，他们通常会和你一样渴望交谈；他们也需要你。虽然大学不再像以前那样垄断教育，但好的大学仍然是结识思想独立的人的绝佳途径。大多数学生仍然思想传统，但你至少能找到成群的思想独立的人，而不是像高中时那样几乎为零。
It also works to go in the other direction: as well as cultivating a small collection of independent-minded friends, to try to meet as many different types of people as you can. It will decrease the influence of your immediate peers if you have several other groups of peers. Plus if you’re part of several different worlds, you can often import ideas from one to another.
反之亦然：除了培养一小批思想独立的朋友外，还要尽可能多地结识不同类型的人。如果你有几个其他的同龄人群体，就会减少你身边同龄人的影响。另外，如果你是几个不同世界的一部分，你往往可以从一个世界向另一个世界输入想法。
But by different types of people, I don’t mean demographically different. For this technique to work, they have to think differently. So while it’s an excellent idea to go and visit other countries, you can probably find people who think differently right around the corner. When I meet someone who knows a lot about something unusual (which includes practically everyone, if you dig deep enough), I try to learn what they know that other people don’t. There are almost always surprises here. It’s a good way to make conversation when you meet strangers, but I don’t do it to make conversation. I really want to know.
但我所说的不同类型的人，并不是指人口统计学上的不同。要使这一技巧奏效，他们必须有不同的思维方式。因此，虽然去其他国家访问是个很好的主意，但你也许可以在附近找到思维方式不同的人。当我遇到一个对不寻常的事情非常了解的人（如果你深入了解的话，这几乎包括所有人），我就会试着去了解他们知道哪些别人不知道的事情。这里几乎总是有惊喜。当你遇到陌生人时，这是一个很好的聊天方式，但我并不是为了聊天而聊天。我真的想知道。
You can expand the source of influences in time as well as space, by reading history. When I read history I do it not just to learn what happened, but to try to get inside the heads of people who lived in the past. How did things look to them? This is hard to do, but worth the effort for the same reason it’s worth travelling far to triangulate a point.
通过阅读历史，你可以在时间和空间上扩大影响的来源。当我阅读历史时，我不仅仅是为了了解发生了什么，而是试图走进过去人们的内心世界。他们眼中的事物是怎样的？这很难做到，但值得付出努力，就像值得长途跋涉去三角测量一个点一样。
You can also take more explicit measures to prevent yourself from automatically adopting conventional opinions. The most general is to cultivate an attitude of skepticism. When you hear someone say something, stop and ask yourself “Is that true?” Don’t say it out loud. I’m not suggesting that you impose on everyone who talks to you the burden of proving what they say, but rather that you take upon yourself the burden of evaluating what they say.
您还可以采取更明确的措施，防止自己自动采纳传统观点。最普遍的做法是培养怀疑态度。当你听到别人说什么时，停下来问问自己 “这是真的吗？不要大声说出来。我并不是建议你把证明他们所说的话的责任强加给每一个与你交谈的人，而是建议你自己承担起评估他们所说的话的责任。
Treat it as a puzzle. You know that some accepted ideas will later turn out to be wrong. See if you can guess which. The end goal is not to find flaws in the things you’re told, but to find the new ideas that had been concealed by the broken ones. So this game should be an exciting quest for novelty, not a boring protocol for intellectual hygiene. And you’ll be surprised, when you start asking “Is this true?”, how often the answer is not an immediate yes. If you have any imagination, you’re more likely to have too many leads to follow than too few.
把它当作一个谜题。你知道有些被接受的观点后来会被证明是错误的。看看你能不能猜出是哪些。最终的目的不是要在别人告诉你的事情中找到缺陷，而是要找到被错误的观点所掩盖的新观点。因此，这个游戏应该是一个令人兴奋的追求新奇的过程，而不是一个无聊的智力卫生协议。当你开始问 “这是真的吗？”时，你会惊讶地发现，答案往往并不是立即肯定的。如果你有想象力，你更有可能有太多的线索可循，而不是太少。
More generally your goal should be not to let anything into your head unexamined, and things don’t always enter your head in the form of statements. Some of the most powerful influences are implicit. How do you even notice these? By standing back and watching how other people get their ideas.
一般来说，你的目标应该是不要让任何东西未经审查就进入你的头脑，而事情并不总是以陈述的形式进入你的头脑。一些最强大的影响是潜移默化的。如何才能注意到这些影响呢？退后一步，观察别人是如何获得想法的。
When you stand back at a sufficient distance, you can see ideas spreading through groups of people like waves. The most obvious are in fashion: you notice a few people wearing a certain kind of shirt, and then more and more, until half the people around you are wearing the same shirt. You may not care much what you wear, but there are intellectual fashions too, and you definitely don’t want to participate in those. Not just because you want sovereignty over your own thoughts, but because unfashionable ideas are disproportionately likely to lead somewhere interesting. The best place to find undiscovered ideas is where no one else is looking.
当你站在足够远的地方，就能看到各种想法像波浪一样在人群中扩散。最明显的是时尚：你会发现有几个人穿着某种衬衫，然后越来越多，直到你周围一半的人都穿着同样的衬衫。你可能不太在意自己的穿着，但也有知识分子的时尚，你肯定不想参与其中。这不仅是因为你想对自己的思想拥有主权，还因为不合时宜的想法更有可能引出有趣的东西。发现未被发现的思想的最佳地点，就是别人都不注意的地方。
To go beyond this general advice, we need to look at the internal structure of independent-mindedness — at the individual muscles we need to exercise, as it were. It seems to me that it has three components: fastidiousness about truth, resistance to being told what to think, and curiosity.
除了这些一般性的建议之外，我们还需要研究独立思考的内部结构，也就是我们需要锻炼的肌肉。在我看来，它有三个组成部分：坚持真理、拒绝别人告诉我们该怎么想，以及好奇心。
Fastidiousness about truth means more than just not believing things that are false. It means being careful about degree of belief. For most people, degree of belief rushes unexamined toward the extremes: the unlikely becomes impossible, and the probable becomes certain. To the independent-minded, this seems unpardonably sloppy. They’re willing to have anything in their heads, from highly speculative hypotheses to (apparent) tautologies, but on subjects they care about, everything has to be labelled with a carefully considered degree of belief.
对真理的坚守不仅仅意味着不相信虚假的东西。它意味着要谨慎对待信仰的程度。对大多数人来说，相信的程度会未经审查就走向极端：不可能的事变成不可能，可能的事变成肯定。对于独立思考的人来说，这似乎是不可原谅的马虎。他们愿意在脑子里装下任何东西，从高度推测的假设到（明显的）同义反复，但在他们关心的问题上，一切都必须贴上经过深思熟虑的 “相信度 “标签。
The independent-minded thus have a horror of ideologies, which require one to accept a whole collection of beliefs at once, and to treat them as articles of faith. To an independent-minded person that would seem revolting, just as it would seem to someone fastidious about food to take a bite of a submarine sandwich filled with a large variety of ingredients of indeterminate age and provenance.
因此，思想独立的人对意识形态深恶痛绝，因为意识形态要求人们同时接受一整套信念，并将其视为信仰。对于一个思想独立的人来说，这似乎是令人反感的，就像一个对食物要求严格的人咬一口装满了各种年代和来源不明的配料的潜艇三明治一样。
Without this fastidiousness about truth, you can’t be truly independent-minded. It’s not enough just to have resistance to being told what to think. Those kind of people reject conventional ideas only to replace them with the most random conspiracy theories. And since these conspiracy theories have often been manufactured to capture them, they end up being less independent-minded than ordinary people, because they’re subject to a much more exacting master than mere convention.
没有对真理的执着追求，就不可能有真正的独立思想。仅仅抵制别人告诉你怎么想是不够的。这种人拒绝接受传统观念，只会用最随意的阴谋论取而代之。而由于这些阴谋论往往是为了抓住他们而制造出来的，所以他们最终比普通人更缺乏独立思考的能力，因为他们要服从于比单纯的传统更为严格的主宰者。
Can you increase your fastidiousness about truth? I would think so. In my experience, merely thinking about something you’re fastidious about causes that fastidiousness to grow. If so, this is one of those rare virtues we can have more of merely by wanting it. And if it’s like other forms of fastidiousness, it should also be possible to encourage in children. I certainly got a strong dose of it from my father.
你能提高对真相的警惕性吗？我认为可以。根据我的经验，只要你想一想你所坚持的东西，你的坚持就会增加。如果是这样的话，这就是一种罕见的美德，我们只需要想它，就能拥有更多的美德。而且，如果它和其他形式的 “抠门 “一样，也可以鼓励孩子们养成这种习惯。当然，我从父亲身上也得到了这种美德的熏陶。
The second component of independent-mindedness, resistance to being told what to think, is the most visible of the three. But even this is often misunderstood. The big mistake people make about it is to think of it as a merely negative quality. The language we use reinforces that idea. You’re unconventional. You don’t care what other people think. But it’s not just a kind of immunity. In the most independent-minded people, the desire not to be told what to think is a positive force. It’s not mere skepticism, but an active delight in ideas that subvert the conventional wisdom, the more counterintuitive the better.
独立思考的第二个组成部分，即拒绝别人告诉自己该怎么想，是三个组成部分中最明显的。但即使是这一点也常常被误解。人们对它的最大误解是认为它只是一种消极的品质。我们使用的语言强化了这种想法。你不按常理出牌。你不在乎别人怎么想。但这不仅仅是一种免疫力。在思想最独立的人身上，不希望别人告诉他们该怎么想是一种积极的力量。这不是单纯的怀疑论，而是对颠覆传统智慧的想法的主动喜悦，越是反直觉越好。
Some of the most novel ideas seemed at the time almost like practical jokes. Think how often your reaction to a novel idea is to laugh. I don’t think it’s because novel ideas are funny per se, but because novelty and humor share a certain kind of surprisingness. But while not identical, the two are close enough that there is a definite correlation between having a sense of humor and being independent-minded — just as there is between being humorless and being conventional-minded.
一些最新奇的想法在当时看来几乎就像是恶作剧。想想看，你对新奇想法的反应往往是大笑。我认为这并不是因为新奇的想法本身很有趣，而是因为新奇和幽默都有某种出人意料之处。虽然两者并不完全相同，但却非常接近，有幽默感与思想独立之间存在着明确的相关性，正如缺乏幽默感与思想传统之间存在着明确的相关性一样。
I don’t think we can significantly increase our resistance to being told what to think. It seems the most innate of the three components of independent-mindedness; people who have this quality as adults usually showed all too visible signs of it as children. But if we can’t increase our resistance to being told what to think, we can at least shore it up, by surrounding ourselves with other independent-minded people.
我认为，我们无法大幅提高对别人告诉我们该怎么想的抵制力。在独立思想的三个组成部分中，它似乎是最与生俱来的；成年后拥有这种品质的人通常在孩童时期就表现出了非常明显的迹象。但是，如果我们不能提高我们对别人告诉我们该怎么想的抵抗力，我们至少可以通过与其他具有独立思想的人为伍来加强这种抵抗力。
The third component of independent-mindedness, curiosity, may be the most interesting. To the extent that we can give a brief answer to the question of where novel ideas come from, it’s curiosity. That’s what people are usually feeling before having them.
独立思考的第三个要素–好奇心，可能是最有趣的。对于新奇想法从何而来的问题，我们可以给出一个简要的答案，那就是好奇心。这也是人们在产生想法之前通常会有的感觉。
In my experience, independent-mindedness and curiosity predict one another perfectly. Everyone I know who’s independent-minded is deeply curious, and everyone I know who’s conventional-minded isn’t. Except, curiously, children. All small children are curious. Perhaps the reason is that even the conventional-minded have to be curious in the beginning, in order to learn what the conventions are. Whereas the independent-minded are the gluttons of curiosity, who keep eating even after they’re full.
根据我的经验，独立思想和好奇心可以完美地相互预测。我认识的每个思想独立的人都有强烈的好奇心，而我认识的每个思想传统的人都没有。奇怪的是，孩子除外。所有小孩子都很好奇。也许原因在于，即使是墨守成规的人，一开始也必须要有好奇心，才能知道什么是约定俗成。而具有独立思想的人则是好奇心的饕餮之徒，即使吃饱了也要继续吃。
The three components of independent-mindedness work in concert: fastidiousness about truth and resistance to being told what to think leave space in your brain, and curiosity finds new ideas to fill it.
独立思考的三个组成部分相互配合：坚持真理和抵制别人告诉你该怎么想，在你的大脑中留下空间，而好奇心会发现新的想法来填补它。
Interestingly, the three components can substitute for one another in much the same way muscles can. If you’re sufficiently fastidious about truth, you don’t need to be as resistant to being told what to think, because fastidiousness alone will create sufficient gaps in your knowledge. And either one can compensate for curiosity, because if you create enough space in your brain, your discomfort at the resulting vacuum will add force to your curiosity. Or curiosity can compensate for them: if you’re sufficiently curious, you don’t need to clear space in your brain, because the new ideas you discover will push out the conventional ones you acquired by default.
有趣的是，这三个组成部分可以相互替代，就像肌肉可以相互替代一样。如果你对真理足够执着，你就不需要那么抗拒别人告诉你该怎么想，因为仅仅是执着就会在你的知识中造成足够的空白。无论是哪一种，都可以弥补好奇心的不足，因为如果你在大脑中创造出足够的空间，你对由此产生的真空所产生的不适感就会为你的好奇心增添力量。或者说，好奇心可以弥补它们：如果你有足够的好奇心，你就不需要清理大脑空间，因为你发现的新想法会挤掉你默认获得的传统想法。
Because the components of independent-mindedness are so interchangeable, you can have them to varying degrees and still get the same result. So there is not just a single model of independent-mindedness. Some independent-minded people are openly subversive, and others are quietly curious. They all know the secret handshake though.
因为独立思考的组成部分是可以互换的，你可以在不同程度上拥有它们，但仍然可以得到相同的结果。因此，思想独立并不只有一种模式。有些思想独立的人是公开的颠覆者，有些则是安静的好奇者。不过，他们都知道握手的秘诀。
Is there a way to cultivate curiosity? To start with, you want to avoid situations that suppress it. How much does the work you’re currently doing engage your curiosity? If the answer is “not much,” maybe you should change something.
有办法培养好奇心吗？首先，你要避免出现抑制好奇心的情况。你目前所做的工作在多大程度上调动了你的好奇心？如果答案是 “不多”，也许你应该改变一下。
The most important active step you can take to cultivate your curiosity is probably to seek out the topics that engage it. Few adults are equally curious about everything, and it doesn’t seem as if you can choose which topics interest you. So it’s up to you to find them. Or invent them, if necessary.
要培养自己的好奇心，最重要的积极步骤可能就是寻找能激发好奇心的话题。很少有成年人对任何事情都有同样的好奇心，而且你似乎也无法选择自己感兴趣的话题。因此，这就需要你自己去寻找。如果有必要的话，也可以发明它们。
Another way to increase your curiosity is to indulge it, by investigating things you’re interested in. Curiosity is unlike most other appetites in this respect: indulging it tends to increase rather than to sate it. Questions lead to more questions.
增强好奇心的另一种方法是放纵好奇心，调查你感兴趣的事物。在这一点上，好奇心与其他大多数食欲不同：放纵它往往会增加而不是满足它。问题会引发更多的问题。
Curiosity seems to be more individual than fastidiousness about truth or resistance to being told what to think. To the degree people have the latter two, they’re usually pretty general, whereas different people can be curious about very different things. So perhaps curiosity is the compass here. Perhaps, if your goal is to discover novel ideas, your motto should not be “do what you love” so much as “do what you’re curious about.”
好奇心似乎比对真相的固执己见或对别人告诉自己该怎么想的抵触情绪更有个性。就人们拥有后两者的程度而言，它们通常很笼统，而不同的人可能对截然不同的事物充满好奇。因此，好奇心也许就是指南针。也许，如果你的目标是发现新奇的想法，你的座右铭就不应该是 “做你喜欢的事”，而应该是 “做你好奇的事”。
